The UN COP29 in Baku: Key Takeaways

Executive Summary

  • A last-minute agreement on financing pledges $300 billion in climate-related assistance to developing countries.

  • Participation in the conference was criticised for lacking in substance, with major polluters under-represented in negotiations. Climate activists and representatives of marginalised voices likewise struggled for full inclusion in the process.

  • With talks stagnating and dissatisfaction mounting, senior climate leaders questioned the efficacy of the conference, calling it “not fit for purpose”.

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Afghanistan’s Qosh Tepa Canal: Water Scarcity in Central Asia and its Geopolitical Dimension